Vascular Dementia

Dementia Pathophysiology

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Vascular disease is mainly caused by hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) due to a thickening of the artery lining from fatty deposits or plaques (atheroma).

Vascular disease may manifest acutely when thrombi, emboli, or acute trauma compromises perfusion. Thrombosis are often of an athermanous nature and occur in the lower extremities more frequently than in the upper extremities. Multiple factors predispose patients for thrombosis. These factors include sepsis, hypotension, low cardiac output, aneurysms, aortic dissection, bypass grafts, and underlying atherosclerotic narrowing of the arterial lumen.